Monday, December 31, 2012

10 Guidelines For Effective Negotiation Skills

Never enter into any agreement or negotiation from a point of desperation. The moment you show how desperate you are, you disarm yourself of the bargaining power. The value of the transaction will be compromised by your appetite & apparent desire. Rather stand back, gather yourself & your thoughts & reschedule the talks. Often we place a price tag on goods based on our needs. No one desires to spend more than the real value of product or service. As african businessmen, politicians and the like we have missed the power of effective negotiation hence time, value and resources have gone to waste. Where we potentially could have reaped $millions, we have settled for a few $thousands which of course could pay a few bills and get an economy going. Question stands whether we adequately calculate and plan and prepare for negotiations, deals or agreements or we see the dotted line as the partying of the red sea, an imminent breakthrough and forget the fine print. I have watched with great interest how sudden bursts of joy at the signing of mergers between companies and political parties, even churches have turned into a series of mourning experiences as the dotted and signed document is activated. Before you can have the famous handshake to signal an agreement, consider your actions closely. Decisions you make at this point have long lasting effects on where your organization will be in the next foreseeable future. Realize that those who have entrusted you with the negotiations responsibility bank on you to make decisions in the best interest of the organization.

Here are a few negotiation guidelines

• Do some research and investigations on the other party before the meeting. Check trade references and outcomes of previous agreements the other party entered into. Use your checklist of non-negotiable to determine if you should proceed with negotiations. It may not be necessary to enter into any negotiation if the other party fails the "non-negotiable" test in advance.

10 Guidelines For Effective Negotiation Skills

• Prepare questions in advance which seek to get clarity on any clauses on documents you have previously received. Get your legal representative to look into and review contracts or agreements. Preparation entails anticipating questions and answering them before you engage. It entails presenting your best case and alternatives when called for hence it is important. There is nothing wrong in preparing for a stalemate position and how to break beyond it.

• Go into major meetings with a witness(es) or people who can help with discussion. This could be your Personal Assistant or senior Manager in your team. You may need someone who can give you hints and tips. Someone whom you can use eye contact with to determine whether you should proceed or not. Sometimes when you are alone negotiating with a panel you lose on the basis of numbers as you may have 5 active brains thinking ahead of you.

• Do not rush to make the decision - Always look at the negotiating party directly in the eye and avoid being bullied into making a decision here and now. The push must never be just to ensure the agreement is signed off without the parties taking ownership of the decisions they are making. Whenever there is a rush, it must flag within you that there could be something hidden in the agreement. Take your time. You don't have to sign instantly.

• Understand the time factor - There is always a time conducive enough for negotiations to take place. You will not negotiate effectively when you are in a hurry or when there is fatigue on either side of the negotiation table. Depending on how tense the negotiations can be, it is healthy to call for a "time out" so that you regain yourself.

• Avoid emotional bargaining - Separate your own emotions from the issue being negotiated on. When you become angry or over excited you lose your composure and negotiating power.

• Avoid attacking the person but look at the matter under negotiation - There is a tendency to address personalities at the expense of the matter under discussion or negotiation. While it is important to know the kind of person you are negotiating with, the issue on hand supersedes personalities.

• Pay attention to detail - In the event that you get documents in the meeting without prior reading, it is important to read the fine print or give a specialist within your team to scrutinize while you discuss. The fine print is usually the source of all problems in any negotiation.

• Be prepared for compromise - Before you get into a negotiation process, you should know both your best case and worst case scenarios, the benefits and demerits of each case. You should obviously start the negotiation by putting on the table your best case. As you bargain, a little bit of compromise is necessary but not to go below your worst case scenario. I have heard it said that "in a negotiation, both parties must leave feeling like they won some and lost some".

• Never make your desperation apparent to the other party - It is important to do a SWOT analysis of yourself and your team that you are going with. Once you know your strengths, you will not let someone with no deep knowledge of the current issue on the table lead the discussion. Do not expose the weaknesses you may have as the other party will ride on that making your proposal futile.

"Your ability to negotiate, communicate, influence and persuade others to do things is absolutely Indispensable to everything you accomplish in life"
Brian Tracy, American self-help author

10 Guidelines For Effective Negotiation Skills
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Rabison Shumba is a young African entrepreneur who has interests in Information and Communication Technology, Agriculture and Mining. He is also a motivational speaker, trainer and author. His book, The Greatness Manual and various online articles are tools for personal and professional development. Together with 100 other Career Experts, Rabison co-authored the 101 Great Ways to Enhance your Career. Rabison has a personal vision of impacting the lives of children in marginalized communities by creating platforms for career counsel and guidance, information empowerment and capacity building through the Greatness Factory Trust, where he currently holds the position of Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Acting Executive Director. He is actively involved in the organization of career enhancement and guidance colloquiums to propel and inspire both young and mature professionals to greatness. His areas of expertise include strategy, leadership, personal and professional development. Rabison is married to Jackie, and they have two daughters. They reside in Harare, Zimbabwe. http://www.greatnessmanual.com or http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/rshumba

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Wednesday, December 19, 2012

Negotiation - Planning For A Successful Outcome

In any kind of negotiation the planning stage is probably the most important. Too often we go in badly prepared and end up giving concessions that reduce the overall profitability of the final deal. The importance of planning is in having a very clear idea before entering into the negotiation i.e.

o What are my objectives?

o What does the other side wish to achieve?

Negotiation - Planning For A Successful Outcome

o What information will influence the final outcome of the negotiation?

o What concessions can I make?

o How am I going to achieve my objectives?

o What part will other people play in the negotiation?

Generally, the more time that is spent in planning and preparing for the negotiation,
the more beneficial will be the final outcome.

Objectives:

Before entering into the negotiation, you need to have a clear idea of your objectives
and try to work out those of the other side. Ask yourself the following questions:

o What exactly do I wish to achieve from this negotiation?

o Which of my objectives:

- Must I achieve?

- Do I intend to achieve?

- Would I like to achieve?

o What options or alternatives would be acceptable to me?

o What are the other sides. objectives?

o How does the other side see the negotiation?

Information:

It has often been said that information is power. In any negotiation, there will be four types of information that is important to the final outcome.

o What information do I have that the other side has also?

o What information do I have that the other side does not have?

o What information do I need to have before negotiating with the other side?

o What information does the other side need before it can negotiate with me?

This can be particularly important when negotiating with people who concentrate
on price issues.

o What other things are important to this person?

o What pressures does he have on him to conclude the deal?

o How well is his company doing at the moment?

o How important is it that he deals with my company? etc.

The early phases of negotiation consist of both sides finding out more information
before talking about a specific deal or set of alternatives. For example, if you find out
the other side has a time deadline that only your company can meet, it may give you
the chance to negotiate on more favourable price. If you know that the other side
has recently expanded their production capacity, you may be able to negotiate more
favourable terms in return for a commitment to buy certain volumes over an agreed
time period.

By spending time as part of your preparation in listing what you already know and
what you need to know, you will give yourself a better chance to negotiate well on
your company's behalf.

Concessions :

Negotiation is a process of bargaining by which agreement is reached between two
or more parties. It is rare in negotiation for agreement to be reached immediately or
for each side to have identical objectives. More often than not, agreements have to
be worked out where concessions are given and received and this is the area where
the profitability of the final outcome will be decided.

When preparing for negotiation, it is advisable to write down a realistic assessment
of how you perceive the final outcome. Find out the limits of your authority within
the negotiation and decide what you are willing and able to concede in order to
arrive at an agreement, which satisfies all parties.

Concessions have two elements; cost and value. It is possible during negotiations to
concede issues that have little cost to you but have great value to the other side. This
is the best type of concession to make. Avoid, however, conceding on issues that
have a high cost to you irrespective of their value to the other side.

When preparing for negotiations, ask yourself the following questions:

o What is the best deal I could realistically achieve in this negotiation?

o What is the likely outcome of the negotiation?

o What is the limit of my authority?

o At which point should I walk away?

o What concessions are available to me?

o What is the cost of each concession and what value does each have to either side?

Strategy:

Planning your strategy is important in negotiation. Once you know your objectives,
you need to work out how you are going to achieve them. It is also useful to try and
see the negotiation from the other side and try and work out what their strategy will
be.

During the negotiation there will be opportunities to use various tactics and you
need to decide which of these you feel comfortable with and at the same time recognise the tactics being used by the other side. Ask yourself the following questions:

o How am I going to achieve my objectives in this negotiation?

o What is the strategy of the other side likely to be?

o What tactics should I use within the negotiation?

o What tactics are the other side likely to use?

And Finally - Tasks :

If you go into negotiation with a colleague or colleagues, you need to decide during
the preparation phase:

o What role will each team member take in the negotiation?

o How can we work together in the most effective way?

Some teams of negotiators appoint team leaders, note takers, observers and
specialists, each with their own clearly defined authority and roles to perform.
Having a clear understanding of roles within the negotiation will make the team
approach much more effective.

Copyright © 2007 Jonathan Farrington. All rights reserved

Negotiation - Planning For A Successful Outcome
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To find out more about the author or to subscribe to his newsletter for dedicated business professionals, visit: http://www.jonathanfarrington.com

You can also read his highly informative and popular weekly blog at: http://www.jonathanfarringtonsblog.com

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Sunday, December 16, 2012

Negotiation - Preparation

Negotiations of all types have taken on an entirely new meaning with increased competition and the economics of the buyer/vendor relationship. When negotiations do not achieve the desired outcome, it is often for lack of preparation. Have your goals, objectives, and focus clearly defined before proceeding. Have the facts, figures, proposals, and records of past performance, as well as any other pertinent data readily available.

To prepare for a negotiating session, you must first stop viewing the person across the bargaining table as an opponent and see that person as a potential partner. You must believe sincerely that this person or institution needs what you are offering as much as you want what they have. Maintain a high level of confidence in the value of what you are presenting. Once you feel at ease about the goal and the person you are to negotiate with (notice with not against), you may be better able to objectively assess the situation.

Here are several questions to ask yourself as you prepare to negotiate a new buyer/vendor relationship:

Negotiation - Preparation

• What is it I want?

• Why do I need it?

• What am I prepared to give in return?

Now, take a few moments to see yourself from the other person's perspective. Are you prepared to offer a fair deal? Are both parties benefiting? If there are obvious inequities, ask yourself where and why, and modify your approach.

Then determine the limitations of scope of your negotiating partners. What are they empowered to do on their own? How quickly and cooperatively have they acted in the past? Have they always had to "go up the ladder" before making any decision? If the answer to any of these questions is a negative, be prepared for a minor negotiating challenge.

Decide what your course of action should be. Realizing that you are facing someone who may be required to follow certain particular guidelines, find out what those limitations are. See if they are workable in your plan, and if they are, negotiate within them. If they are beyond your plan, explore what you can offer to gain leverage in obtaining some flexibility within those guidelines. Remember, the people with whom you are negotiating want to do business with you. Otherwise, they would not be there.

Personalities can play a big role in negotiating situations. If you are well acquainted with your negotiating partner, it is best to separate the person from the institution. Rely on your past performance with the institution to gain credibility in negotiating, not on a personal relationship. In vendor negotiations, there is nothing wrong with keeping things casual; often negotiation can take place over the phone rather than imposing another meeting on each other's time. Just be aware when a more formal environment is appropriate, perhaps with the participation of additional players to lend credibility and finality to the process.

Negotiation - Preparation
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Tharwat Abouraya, CTIE
President
Travel Business CPR - Bring Strategy to Life!
http://www.travelbusinesscpr.com

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Saturday, December 8, 2012

Three Negotiation Techniques

Add the following three negotiation techniques your arsenal.

Win-Win Solutions

When negotiating, always look for win-win solutions, and present them as such. When I was selling real estate, it was common for sellers to think that buyers wanted the lowest price they could get. The sellers often wanted the highest price, but buyers usually wanted an easy transaction, lower costs and lower payments. A seller that gives these things can get a higher price and both sides will win.

Three Negotiation Techniques

If you need to get the garage cleaned, and your son wants a new watch, you have the makings of a win-win negotiation. You might tell him, "Look, you want that watch, and I want a clean garage. Let's both get what we want okay? Clean it up today and we'll get your watch. How's that sound?"

The key to good win-win solutions in your negotiations is to find non-conflicting needs or wants. Notice how some conservation groups negotiate to stop private land development. They want the land left wild, and the owners want to get some value out of the land and still be able to use the house, ranch, etc. So the groups buy a "conservation easement," preventing development, but leaving the title with the current owners. Both sides win.

Exclude Competition

If you could exclude competition in any negotiation, you'll have a better chance of getting what you want, right? How do you do that? Start by never mentioning competition to the other side. It's possible they don't know all their options, and it's not your job to enlighten them.
At the negotiating table, be ready to confront the competition head-on, when the other side brings it up.

In the carpet cleaning business for example, an owner could politely dismiss the competition when it is brought up. He could say something like, "They're okay, if price is all that's important to you. Of course, they can't clean as deep with their machines. If you want the deepest cleaning and at a temperature that kills dust mites and other things in the carpet, you have to have a machine like ours, and fully trained technicians."

Extreme Initial Positions

Everyone knows this technique, but most are afraid to use it. A real estate investor I was talking to the other day told me,"If you aren't embarrassed by your offer, it isn't low enough." He's made millions in real estate, so I think he's worth listening to.

Many years ago I sold a car. A nice guy, after crawling under and inside the car, offered me half of what I was asking. I said no, and he left his phone number, in case I changed my mind. As he drove away, I wondered what was wrong with the car, and I was suddenly hoping I could get just a bit more than that half-price offer. My expectations had been altered quickly. Fortunately another person gave me the full asking price before I decided to pick up that phone.

There are dozens of good negotiation techniques that you can profitably use. Why not start by practicing these three?

Three Negotiation Techniques
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Copyright Steve Gillman. For more Negotiation Techniques, and other useful insider information, visit: http://www.99reports.com/negotiation-skills.html

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Tuesday, December 4, 2012

Just Because A Man-Woman Says They Need Space Doesn't Always Mean The Relationship Is Over

One day you meet this really fantastic person. There is strong chemistry there and so you think this is it. You immediately put yourself out there and instantly go "overboard" doing too many things to show the object of your interest and attention that you are very much in love. And when you thought it couldn't get any better, he/she says those dreaded words, "I need some space." You lose control of your thoughts and emotionally collapse and lash out. This eventually leads to an ending that is deeply disappointing.

Many men and women miss out on relationships with great potential simply because they assume "I need some space" always means the relationship is over.

"I need some space" is especially very confusing for men and women who grew up in an environment which was unstable. They easily get bothered by sudden changes and the "not knowing" what's going to happen next overwhelms, frustrates and depresses them.

Just Because A Man-Woman Says They Need Space Doesn't Always Mean The Relationship Is Over

The real tragedy here is that when you overwhelm a man or woman with your desperation, neediness and anger, you force him/her to actually think about ending the relationship. Your strong drive and determination to get attention and love is likely to get you into difficult situations because you want things going faster -- your pace, your call. What you get is men and women literally running for their lives, "It's best if we had no contact", or "Just leave me alone," or "You are too much for me".

This is why it's crucial that you understand that "I need some space" doesn't always mean I am no longer attracted to you or the relationship is over. Sometimes when a person says "I need some space" all they are saying to you is that, at this time, the value of what you are offering does not justify me taking a risk or investing more than I already have. Many men and women hesitate because they fear that they might be making the wrong decision and will regret it later.

If he/she asks for his/her "own space" don't automatically assume this is a pre-breakup situation.

1. Give him/her the "space" he he/she needs. This is his/her opportunity to come face to face with his/her feelings for you, don't get in his/her way. This may even be a chance for both of you to reassess what you have and work on what you might have in the future.

2. Ask him/her what possible compromises he/she is willing to make (may be meet once a week, weekends only, every other week? etc.) then give him/her the space he/she needs. If he/she refuses to compromise, then you know for certain that they're looking for ways to end the relationship. A person's body language will tell you more about their particular state of mind.

3. If he/she is willing to make some compromises don't force him or her to pay more attention to you than he/she is willing to. Repeated attempts to get back a man or woman who is "scared" for his/her life is completely useless. Only a significant space of time and a new type of approach will have any effect on someone whose guard is already up and whose sensitivity is razor-sharp.

4. It is important that you understand that giving him/her space does not mean you don't have anything to do with him/her. On the contrary, maintain your contact with him/her, but make the "contact moments" work to your advantage.

The most effective way to do this is employ a little playful resistance or what we commonly know as playing hard-to-get. Keep in mind that not all playing hard-to-get rules and actions are designed to make someone fall in love with you. Many of the popularly promoted playing hard-to-get "techniques" out there actually drive someone away instead of make them want you more.

The best kind of playing hard-to-get is one that creates more love than resistance. Using a little bit of playful resistance, you can create a "FRIENDLY SPACE" for fair negotiation, easily eliminate a man or woman's reservations about the relationship and concerns about making a long-term commitment and motivate him/her to take the action of risk and to want to invest more in you and the relationship.

When you understand this very engaging and bonding game, you can turn the "I need some space" into a "Let's try it again" or even "This is what I want!" Simply saying it to them is not enough, they need to SEE by your actions that you really understand what they want in a relationship.

Just Because A Man-Woman Says They Need Space Doesn't Always Mean The Relationship Is Over
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Christine Akiteng is an internationally renowned Sexual Confidence/Dating Coach and author of e-Books: The Art Of Seducing Out Of Fullness, Breaking A Bad Relationships Pattern, and Playing Hard-To-Get The Love Way.

http://www.torontosnumber1datedoctor.com

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http://www.playinghardtogettheloveway.com

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Saturday, December 1, 2012

Styles Of Negotiation

Our style of negotiation will be influenced by the style of the other party. If both
sides are adversarial; there will be little trust between the two parties, however, if
one side decides to be co-operative, there is a danger the other side will use this
apparent sign of weakness to their advantage.

Co-operative bargaining has the advantage of being a more efficient style of
negotiation, however certain rules have to be followed by both parties for it to
work. Let us look at the two styles of bargaining and their features:

Features Of Adversarial Bargaining:

Styles Of Negotiation

o Each side takes up a position and defends it.

o Opening bids are set at unrealistic levels; too high or too low, in order to give

room for manoeuvre.

o Movement is small or non-existent until later on in the negotiation.

o Tactics are used to gain short term advantage.

o Too much emphasis is placed on trust. .This really is my best price!

o Information is withheld, or misrepresented.

o The outcome is often "win-lose", or "lose-lose".

o The more aggressive negotiator usually does best.

o This style does not encourage long term, mutually beneficial relationships.

o Neither side asks enough questions, or explores alternatives in sufficient depth.

Features Of Co-Operative Bargaining:

o Each side recognizes that the other has needs and feelings and accepts implicit rules.

o Objective measures are taken of what is fair and reasonable.

o Trust is not an issue as either side is willing to share information.

o This style is friendly, but not soft. There is a willingness to trade concessions.

o There is a clear, communicable strategy.

o Bad behavior is punished.

o This style involves creative problem solving.

o It encourages long term, mutually profitable relationships.

o Each side asks more questions and explores alternatives, rather than taking up fixed positions.

o The usual outcome is "win-win".

Copyright © 2007 Jonathan Farrington. All rights reserved

Styles Of Negotiation
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Jonathan Farrington is the Managing Partner of The jfa Group. To find out more about the author, subscribe to his newsletter for dedicated business professionals or to read his weekly blog, visit: http://www.jonathanfarrington.com

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